Pumps designed for pumping slurries will be heavier duty than those designed for less viscous liquids since slurries are heavy and difficult to pump.
Slurry pumps are typically larger in size than standard pumps, with more horsepower, and built with more rugged bearings and shafts. The most common type of slurry pump is the centrifugal pump. These pumps use a rotating impeller to move the slurry, similar to how a water-like liquid would move through a standard centrifugal pump.
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Centrifugal pumps optimized for slurry pumping will generally feature the following in comparison to standard centrifugal pumps:
- Larger impellers made with more material. This is to compensate for wear caused by abrasive slurries.
- Fewer, thicker vanes on the impeller. This allows the passage of solids more readily &#; typically 2-5 vanes, compared to 5-9 vanes on a standard centrifugal pump.
For pumping abrasive slurries, these types of pumps may also be made from specialized high wear alloys such as AL-6XN® or Hastelloy® C-22®. Hardening stainless steel is also a common option for abrasive slurries, with Expanite and Armoly being two hardening processes.
For certain types of slurry pumping conditions, positive displacement pumps may be a more appropriate choice than a centrifugal-style pump.
These conditions include:
- A low slurry flow rate
- A high head (i.e., the height to which the pump can move liquid)
- A desire for greater efficiency than that afforded by centrifugal pumps
- Improved flow control
Common types of positive displacement pumps used in slurry pumping applications include:
Rotary Lobe pumps
These pumps use two meshing lobes rotating within a pump's housing to move fluids from the pump's inlet to its outlet.
Twin-screw pumps
These pumps employ rotating screws to move liquids and solids from one end of the pump to another. The screws' turning action creates a spinning motion that pumps material.
Diaphragm pumps
These pumps use a flexible membrane that expands the volume of the pumping chamber, bringing in fluid from an inlet valve and then discharging it through an outlet valve.
Selecting and operating a slurry pump
Choosing the right pump for your slurry application can be a complex task due to the balance of many factors including flow, pressure, viscosity, abrasiveness, particle size, and particle type. An applications engineer, who knows how to take all of these factors into account, can be a great help in navigating the many pump options available.
~ Matthew Sato, Applied Products Sales Manager, Ampco Pumps
In determining which type of slurry pump is best suited for your particular application, follow these four simple steps.
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What&#;s in your slurry? When it comes to choosing the right slurry pump for your application, you have a few options to choose from. Learn more about slurry pump types, what materials suit each pump best, and how to find the right type.
Slurry types
In theory, any solid can be hydrotransported. However, particle size and shape can be limiting factors depending whether they can fit through pump passages without causing blockages. Within the broader &#;slurry&#; category are four slurry classifications that determine how to best choose appropriate slurry pumps.
Class 1: Mildly Abrasive
Class 2: Slightly Abrasive
Class 3: Significantly More Abrasive
Class 4: Highly Abrasive
It may be no surprise Oil Sands pumps are ideal for moving highly abrasive class-four slurries. Because slurry pumps are made specifically to hydrotransport large-particle solids, they also ensure better wear performance in harsh conditions. But there&#;s more to choosing a pump than knowing the type of slurry it will move.
Four centrifugal slurry pump types
While centrifugal slurry pumps are well-known for their use in the Oil Sands, many have additional applications.
- Hydrotransport &#; Hydrotransport pumps cover a wide range of applications because moving slurry is hydrotransport. These slurry pumps are best used with water-based solutions and are often used in dredging.
- Tailings Transfer &#; Tailings Transfer pumps are best suited for transporting tailings, or the finer abrasive particles that result from hard rock mining, like mud and ore particles, as well as associated chemicals used in the mining process. Pending specific applications, LSA, LCC, and MDX pumps from GIW are all useful for tailings transfer.
- Cyclone Feed &#; Like tailings pumps, cyclone feed pumps are also used in hard rock mining and are similar to hydrotransport pumps as they&#;re applicable to dredging operations. In the cyclone feed market, these pumps are used in all stages of scalping or separating solids by particle size. GIW&#;s LSA and MDX slurry pumps are widely used for cyclone feed applications, depending on the required size range.
- Flotation Froth &#; Transporting froth using a slurry pump is a unique application in that the air contained in froth can negatively impact pump performance. This also means it&#;s difficult to predict pump performance life for these applications. Due to these factors, oversized High-Volume Froth (HVF) pumps, which remove air from froth, are necessary for froth applications.
Choosing the right pumps for specific slurries can help pump owners avoid unnecessary maintenance, repairs, and related downtime. In addition, proper pump applications make for safer work environments, offering those working on or around pumps peace of mind. Perhaps best of all, purpose-chosen slurry pumps also have longer wear lives, boosting owners&#; bottom lines.
Still don&#;t know which pump type is right for your application? Those with unique slurry pumping requirements need not fear. Based on data from over 3,000 centrifugal slurry pumps, GIW&#;s proprietary pump selection program called SLYSEL can help prospective pump owners get what they need down to their exact specifications. Plus, SLYSEL can help pump operators ensure they&#;re operating pumps correctly &#; from properly calculating performance curves and pipe friction loss to evaluating other operational factors and pumps themselves &#; reducing room for error and maintaining pump longevity.
Ready to choose your next slurry pump? Learn how by downloading the presentation &#; How to Choose the Best Slurry Pump for My Application .&#;
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